Referral conditions for severe road traffic injuries and their influence on the occurrence of hospital deaths in Benin

Authors

  • Bella Hounkpe Dos Santos Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Ouidah
  • Yolaine Glele Ahanhanzo Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Ouidah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-4844
  • Alphonse Kpozehouen Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Ouidah
  • Donatien Daddah Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Ouidah
  • Edgard-Marius Ouendo Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Ouidah
  • Yves Coppieters Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8899-9549
  • Alain Leveque Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2022.2138

Keywords:

referral, road accident, severe trauma, Benin

Abstract

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death by trauma. Delays in in first aid due, inter alia, to the long time to transfer traffic accident victims to hospital and the lack of pre-hospital emergency care, contribute to the increase in hospital mortality. This study aims to analyse the referral conditions for severe road traffic injuries and to assess their effect on the occurrence of hospital deaths in Benin. This is an analytical prospective cohort study conducted in road accident victims with a severe injury. Four groups of factors were studied: referral conditions, sociodemographic and victim-specific characteristics, factors related to the accident environment, and factors related to health services. A top-down binary stepwise logistic regression was the basis for the analyses. Nine point eight percent of severe trauma patients died after hospital admission (7.0-13.5). Associated factors were referral time greater than 1 hour (RR=5.7 [1.5-20.9]), transport to hospital by ambulance (RR=4.8 [1.3-17.3]) and by the police or fire department (RR=7.4 [1.8- 29.7]), not wearing protective equipment (RR=4.5 [1.4-15.0]), head injuries (RR=34.8 [8.7-139.6]), and no upper extremity injuries (RR=20.1 [2.3-177.1]). To reduce the risk of hospital death in severe road traffic injuries, it is important to ensure rapid and medicalized referral of severe trauma patients in Benin.

Download data is not yet available.

References

Sawe HR, Wallis LA, Weber EJ, et al. The burden of trauma in Tanzania: Analysis of prospective trauma registry data at regional hospitals in Tanzania. Injury. 2020;51:2938-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2020.09.032

Adam S, Sama DH, Mouzou T, et al. Emergency admissions in sub Saharan Africa: example of the surgical emergency admissions unit at the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lome, Togo. Medecine et sante tropicales. 2018;28:327-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1684/mst.2018.0807

Babalola OR, Oluwadiya K, Vrgoč G, et al. Pattern of emergency room mortality among road traffic crash victims. Injury. 2015;46:S21-S3.

Ugare GU, Ndifon W, Bassey IA, et al. Epidemiology of death in the emergency department of a tertiary health centre south-south of Nigeria. African health sciences. 2012;12:530-7.

Kourouma K, Delamou A, Lamah L, et al. Frequency, characteristics and hospital outcomes of road traffic accidents and their victims in Guinea: a three-year retrospective study from 2015 to 2017. BMC public health. 2019;19:1022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7341-9

Madubueze CC, Chukwu CO, Omoke NI, et al. Road traffic injuries as seen in a Nigerian teaching hospital. International orthopaedics. 2011;35:743-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-010-1080-y

Mbanjumucyo G, George N, Kearney A, et al. Epidemiology of injuries and outcomes among trauma patients receiving prehospital care at a tertiary teaching hospital in Kigali, Rwanda. African journal of emergency medicine. 2016;6:191-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2016.10.001

Seid M, Azazh A, Enquselassie F, Yisma E. Injury characteristics and outcome of road traffic accident among victims at Adult Emergency Department of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective hospital based study. BMC emergency medicine. 2015;15:10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-015-0035-4

Chalya PL, Mabula JB, Dass RM, et al. Injury characteristics and outcome of road traffic crash victims at Bugando Medical Centre in Northwestern Tanzania. Journal of trauma management & outcomes. 2012;6:1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-2897-6-1

MS. Annuaire des statistiques sanitaires 2019. Benin: Ministère de la Santé; 2020.

Solagberu BA, Ofoegbu CK, Abdur-Rahman LO, et al. Pre-hospital care in Nigeria: a country without emergency medical services. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2009;12:29-33.

Macharia WM, Njeru EK, Muli-Musiime F, Nantulya V. Severe road traffic injuries in Kenya, quality of care and access. African health sciences. 2009;9:118-24.

Lucumay NJ, Sawe HR, Mohamed A, et al. Pre-referral stabilization and compliance with WHO guidelines for trauma care among adult patients referred to an urban emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania. BMC emergency medicine. 2019;19:22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-019-0237-2

Naddumba EK. Musculoskeletal trauma services in Uganda. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 2008;466:2317-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0369-2

Verma V, Singh A, Singh GK, et al. Epidemiology of trauma victims admitted to a level 2 trauma center of North India. International journal of critical illness and injury science. 2017;7:107-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_27_16

Chandrasekharan A, Nanavati AJ, Prabhakar S, Prabhakar S. Factors impacting mortality in the pre-hospital period after road traffic accidents in urban India. Trauma monthly. 2016;21.

WHO. Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2018.

Boniface R, Museru L, Kiloloma O, Munthali V. Factors associated with road traffic injuries in Tanzania. The Pan African medical journal. 2016;23:46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2016.23.46.7487

Ankarath S, Giannoudis PV, Barlow I, et al. Injury patterns associated with mortality following motorcycle crashes. Injury. 2002;33:473-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(02)00048-7

Leijdesdorff HA, van Dijck JT, Krijnen P, et al. Injury pattern, hospital triage, and mortality of 1250 patients with severe traumatic brain injury caused by road traffic accidents. Journal of neurotrauma. 2014;31:459-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2013.3111

Wong E, Leong MK, Anantharaman V, et al. Road traffic accident mortality in Singapore. The Journal of emergency medicine. 2002;22:139-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-4679(01)00455-3

Brown CVR, Hejl K, Bui E, et al. Risk Factors for Riding and Crashing a Motorcycle Unhelmeted. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2011;41:441-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.07.024

Singleton MD. Differential protective effects of motorcycle helmets against head injury. Traffic injury prevention. 2017;18:387-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1211271

Lin MR, Chang SH, Huang W, et al. Factors associated with severity of motorcycle injuries among young adult riders. Annals of emergency medicine. 2003;41:783-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2003.186

Tumwesigye NM, Atuyambe LM, Kobusingye OK. Factors Associated with Injuries among Commercial Motorcyclists: Evidence from a Matched Case Control Study in Kampala City, Uganda. PloS one. 2016;11:e0148511.

Mir MU, Khan I, Ahmed B, Abdul Razzak J. Alcohol and marijuana use while driving--an unexpected crash risk in Pakistani commercial drivers: a cross-sectional survey. BMC public health. 2012;12:145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-145

Abbreviated Injury Scale Dictionary 2005 - Update 2008 - Digital

Chicago, USA: AAAM; 2008.

Khorasani-Zavareh D, Khankeh HR, Mohammadi R, et al. Post-crash management of road traffic injury victims in Iran. Stakeholders' views on current barriers and potential facilitators. BMC emergency medicine. 2009;9:8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-227X-9-8

Béavogui K, Koïvogui A, Loua TO, et al. Traumatic Brain Injury Related to Motor Vehicle Accidents in Guinea: Impact of Treatment Delay, Access to Healthcare, and Patient's Financial Capacity on Length of Hospital Stay and In-hospital Mortality. Journal of vascular and interventional neurology. 2015;8:30-8.

Glèlè-Ahanhanzo Y, Kpozèhouen A, Paraïso NM, et al. Disability and Related Factors among Road Traffic Accident Victims in Benin: Study from Five Public and Faith-Based Hospitals in Urban and Suburban Areas. 2018;8:226.

Ogundele OJ, Ifesanya AO, Adeyanju SA, Ogunlade SO. The impact of seat-belts in limiting the severity of injuries in patients presenting to a university hospital in the developing world. Niger Med J. 2013;54:17-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.108888

Saidi H, Mutiso BK, Ogengo J. Mortality after road traffic crashes in a system with limited trauma data capability. Journal of trauma management & outcomes. 2014;8:4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-2897-8-4

Baru A, Azazh A, Beza L. Injury severity levels and associated factors among road traffic collision victims referred to emergency departments of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: the study based on the Haddon matrix. BMC emergency medicine. 2019;19:2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-018-0206-1

Naci H, Chisholm D, Baker TD. Distribution of road traffic deaths by road user group: a global comparison. Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention. 2009;15:55-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2008.018721

Downloads

Published

27-07-2022

How to Cite

Hounkpe Dos Santos, B., Glele Ahanhanzo, Y., Kpozehouen, A., Daddah, D., Ouendo, E.-M., Coppieters, Y., & Leveque, A. (2022). Referral conditions for severe road traffic injuries and their influence on the occurrence of hospital deaths in Benin. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2022.2138

Issue

Section

Original Articles

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.