Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in Burkina Faso: Screening, vaccination and evaluation of post-vaccination antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen in newborns


https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2018.816
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018)
Submitted: 13 November 2017
Accepted: 9 August 2018
Published: 21 December 2018
Viral Hepatitis B, HBsAg, Real- Time PCR, Vertical Transmission, Vaccination.
Abstract Views: 1690
PDF: 1039
HTML: 46
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

  • Edwige T. Yelemkoure Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou; Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Albert T. Yonli Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou; Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Carla Montesano Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
  • Abdoul Karim Ouattara Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou; Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Birama Diarra Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou; Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Théodora M. Zohoncon Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou; Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Christelle W.M. Nadembega Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Paul Ouedraogo Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO), Burkina Faso.
  • Charles Sombié Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Serge Theophile Soubeiga Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou; Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Issoufou Tao Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Adama Gansane Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Massimo Amicosante Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
  • Florencia Djigma Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou; Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
  • Virginio Pietra Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
  • Jacques Simpore
    jacques.simpore@yahoo.fr
    Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), UFR/SVT, University Ouaga, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
  • Vittorio Colizzi Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.

The low rate of screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in pregnant women is a highrisk factor for its vertical transmission. The objectives of this study were: i) to screen pregnant women for HBV infection; ii) vaccinate all children from birth against HBV regardless their mother HBV status; and iii) evaluate after 7 months of birth the level of their AbHBs among babies who received HBV vaccine at birth. Serological markers of HBV (HBsAg, HBeAg, AbHBs, AbHBe, and AbHBc) were determined on venous blood samples from 237 pregnant women and their children using the Abon Biopharm Kit. One hundred and two (102) children received the three doses of the EUVAX B® vaccine respectively at birth, two months and four months of life. Seven months after delivery, venous blood samples were collected from mothers and their children. Antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (AbHBs) were measured in vaccinated children using the ELISA Kit AbHBs Quantitative EIA. DNA extraction was performed on samples from HBV-seropositive mothers and their children using the Ribo Virus (HBV Real-TM Qual) Kit and for Real Time PCR, the HBV Real-TM Qual Kit was used. Serological diagnosis in pregnant women revealed 22 (9.28%) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive samples of which 21 were positive for viral DNA by real-time PCR. Among the 22 HBsAg+ women, five (05) transmitted the virus to their children with a vertical transmission rate of 22.73%. A transmission rate of 23.81% (5/21) was found with the PCR method. Analysis of AbHBs levels revealed that 98.31% of the children had an average concentration of 218.07 ± 74.66 IU/L, which is well above the minimum threshold for protection (11 IU/L). This study has confirmed that vertical transmission of HBV is a reality in Burkina Faso and that vaccination at birth would significantly reduce this transmission.


Supporting Agencies

none.

Yelemkoure, E. T., Yonli, A. T., Montesano, C., Ouattara, A. K., Diarra, B., Zohoncon, T. M., Nadembega, C. W., Ouedraogo, P., Sombié, C., Soubeiga, S. T., Tao, I., Gansane, A., Amicosante, M., Djigma, F., Obiri-Yeboah, D., Pietra, V., Simpore, J., & Colizzi, V. (2018). Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in Burkina Faso: Screening, vaccination and evaluation of post-vaccination antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen in newborns. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2018.816

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC