Prevalence of gastrointestinal pathogens in Sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis


Submitted: 17 March 2011
Accepted: 21 June 2011
Published: 5 September 2011
Abstract Views: 2558
PDF: 1034
HTML: 1060
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

A significant proportion of vulnerable people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remain at risk for contracting diarrhoeal diseases due to the presence of many risk factors facilitating their transmission. A systematic review of published articles from the SSA region was done to determine the prevalence and types of diarrhoeal pathogens in circulation, based on a search of databases, including EBSCO host, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google scholar and Web of Science was done between September 2009 and December 2010. Data were summarized from 27 studies, with pooled data analysed and reported. Pathogens were isolated from between 26.8-65.6% of cases, with an overall isolation rate of 55.7% (95% CI, 48.2-62.9%). Isolation rates were highest amongst adult cases followed by children, and the odds of isolating a pathogen was greater in diarrhoeal cases (Odds Ratio 4.93 (95% CI, 1.99 to 12.23), than in asymptomatic controls. Overall isolation ranged from 8% to 99%; and heterogeneity testing suggests differences between age groups (Q=5.806; df=2, P=0. 055). Mixed E. coli spp., (29.95%), Cryptosporidium (21.52%), Cyclospora (18%), Entamoeba, (13.8%), Shigella spp. (10.49%), Salmonella spp. (8.36%), and Campylobacter spp. (8.33%), were most commonly reported, and rotavirus was the most common virus isolated. This is the first review to look at the range of enteric pathogens circulating in SSA, and has confirmed high rates of isolation of pathogens from diarrhoeal cases. Public health practitioners can use this information to understanding the challenges related to diarrhoeal illness and set priorities for their prevention and control.

Stephanie M. Fletcher, The iThree Institute, University of Technology, Sydney
PhD Candidate; iThree Institute and Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences; Faculty of Science
Damien Stark, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney
Senior Scientist, Division of Microbiology
John Ellis, University of Technology, Sydney
Professor of Molecular Biology, iThree Institute and Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences; Faculty of Science.

Supporting Agencies

N/A

Fletcher, S. M., Stark, D., & Ellis, J. (2011). Prevalence of gastrointestinal pathogens in Sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 2(2), e30. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2011.e30

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations